Harvard Referencing

Harvard Referencing

10 Sources for Bibliography

BOOKS

author (date) ‘title’, place, publisher

a-z surname

Miles, R, (2015), leeds, LCA publishing 

need the date it issues is published

not the printer are placed

IN TEXT

‘quote’ author, date : page number

‘quote’ Miles 2015:7

WEBSITES

cant find date, use the date the website was last update or (n.d) no date

cant find author, Anon

author, date, title, place, publisher, [INTERNET] available from <web address> [accessed date] .

don’t forget the full stop

triangulation

analysis

evaluation

summarise

TASK

Manifestos

http://www.manifestoproject.it/the-edenspiekermann-manifesto/

Is Print Dead?

IS PRINT DEAD?

The Modern Magazine conference was held by Jeremy Leslie, the editor of MagCulture set in London.

The conference discussed the ideas of 'The New Normal' an idea coined by Cathy Bates, is about how print and digital can work together. How both relay on aspects of the other, in this new age they both need to combine to sell and work in harmony as print is not dead. Although there was many different theories on how print would die in the new digital age this hasn't happened, people and business still relay on actual physically printed magazine to reach a new audience. The idea that print would die came from the theory that people could just read articles and magazine on their smartphone/tablets, these are smaller, easier to carry, quicker to search and handier for its audience.

The age of the iPad would kill off magazine printing,  in the new digital era you can subscribe for magazines then have them instantly at your finger tips rather than have to carry a physical copy. The idea relates to how the generations these days are inseparable from there smart phones along with how the way many relay on their phones in a way that is growing, people becoming attached to their devices in a way never seen before. The internet allows people to post whatever they want whenever while they can receive information on any subject straight away without needing anything actually printed, this takes away the need for books or libraries reducing the printing business even less causing a world that relates solely on the internet and digital produces.

The age of the iPad would take over, there was millions of pounds put into this idea that just didn't take off. It relay on the idea that people love easy and handy over quality, they want something they can read whenever over something they can physically touch, highlight or annotate but this just wasnt the case.

'A survey in April by Deloitte found that 88% of magazine readers in the UK still prefer to consume articles via print. While half of respondents to its state-of-the-media survey (2,276 UK consumers, aged 14 to 75) owned a smartphone, 35% subscribed to at least one printed magazine in 2011.'  

source : http://www.theguardian.com/media/2012/jun/03/who-says-print-is-dead

These stats reflect this idea, that people need article via newspaper or magazine rather than just off a screen, this may be for many different reasons but is proven by the survey.


Digital maybe need to advertise or sell magazine but the general public still prefer print, maybe online stores or companies still use magazine as a way off advertising their products, Take ASOS for example. This is successful completely online shop, where after you buy something online it signs the customer  up automatically for the monthly style magazine. They send you a amazingly designed modern magazines they shows you their products along with articles about the trends they are following the celebrates that are wearing their clothes.

"For online brands, print is a neat way of gaining extra marketing attention and boosting their community, even if there's no money in it," says David Rowan

source : http://gulfnews.com/news/europe/uk/who-says-print-is-dead-1.1034460

Sending out this free copy gives its customer a way to actually look at their new work/products without having to google/search it, its shown to them in a way thats the company intends and displayed to appeal for the audience, its a print way of advertising that gives the audience something back. Intrigues they by using print, changing the way prints use rather than for just informative design but for advertising, they are adapting to how people in the Digital era still love print. They are using traditional media to refresh the parts of their business model that other solutions can't reach.

Print is more engaging, it speaks to people on a different level that digital people will read longer articles in print that they will digital. This is because it hurts your eyes less, it feel healthier as well, theres less distractions/other information to be distracted by but also just because its nicer and more enjoyable to read. Because of this is isn't dead.

“It’s easier than ever before to start a magazine. But it’s still pretty challenging to keep one going past its first year. Even more so as more and more amazing magazines hit the stands." Ruth Jamieson, Author of 'Print is dead, Long Live Print'

source : http://www.randomhouse.de/book/Print-is-Dead-Long-live-Print/e423252.rhd

New independent magazines are seen as the savours of the print media, the idea that simple new indie magazines that can be created by anyone then published has rebirthed print. For students to enuthias anyone who wants can now create a magazine, its easier now with digital media too make one. This links to the idea that print relays on digital, its needed to save its in a way that contradict its being its main downfall. Digital editing has created way to modernise magazine design, make it more appealing yet then allowing it to die out. The technology that exists allows amazing unique styles to be created but because of how easy this now is its causing them to be overlooked, the most amazing magazines could be created but never noticed if they cat get recognised. Its surfing through the rubbish to find the worth while magazines. Starting and designing a magazine is easy but getting advertising and getting funding is harder, you need to stand out more because there more competition, compete more with different companies in a way classic magazines never had too.

STUDY TASK 5 

WEBSITES

http://www.commdiginews.com/politics-2/does-print-media-have-a-future-in-our-digital-age-11033/

http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/indie-magazine-sales-are-proving-print-is-not-dead-10388266.html

http://www.centuryonepublishing.uk/print-magazine-marketing-communications

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=EWp2AAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=role+of+print+media+in+the+digital+age&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAmoVChMI39O4gIr0yAIVSnEUCh2BJgBx#v=onepage&q&f=false

http://www.indie-mag.com/

http://www.thedrum.com/news/2013/08/06/paper-print-focus-what-role-print-digital-world-fedrigoni-antalis-canon-and-others

http://www.theguardian.com/media-network/media-network-blog/2013/mar/07/fall-rise-magazines-print-digital


BOOKS

The Modern Magazine
Print is Dead, Long Live Print
We Love Magazines
People of Print Mag

ANAYLSE - Indie Mag, Mushpit

ESSAY MAP

- Is print dying? why?
- Newspapers via the internet/ the age of the ipad
- Independent Magazines
- Other uses

Is print dying in the new digital age or is becoming more popular?
How is it used in the new age? How does it change?
The rise and success of indie magazines, how they are create and how they sell.
The link between digital and print, how its combined together or how its used in the new age to survive

Study Task 4

Text Summary

In Design of Dissent the author Tony Kushner talks about how imagery and graphic design is used in times of political upheaval and instability as a weapon, how it can be manipulated to be used and how it works to create great change. Its main example is how in 1769 the miniaturist Gros create the drawing of the archduke in france of the time who had stopped all corn farming to make himself richer and the peasants poorer, this selfish act cause a lot of issues with the society at the time. Gros then uses illustaration to express his opinions and creates a piece that help with the falling of the duke. Kushner analyses his work to see how it achieved this, he picks up the main parts of create a struct that all political imagery should work with.

For good political graphic design to work in a time of need it has to be intelligent, it has to use a sort of wit that make the masses laugh as well as understand it. It has to be relatable while talking about a issues that links together people,  a common issue or injustice that will create emotions in the audience and make they think in a new way. It also has to be instantly understandable, the audience might only be able to give a quick glance or walk pass the imagery but has to get the meaning and be effected by it in these few seconds, bold enough to make a sudden understandable impact. Like with the Gros illustration, it took a issues that the whole country was aware of then using wit made the duke a laughing stock. Everyone who saw it from every age found it amusing, even children who didn't understand the statement could see the comical basis of a fat man bleeding corn. Graphic design can be dangerous, it can give off a power of slander or insult in a way that can change the opinion of the people, this is the most dangerous thing, it can do, it cant physically change anything but it can change its audience then they can change the rest.

'Art can't change anything expect people, but art changes people and people can make everything change' Tony Kursher  

By make laughing stocks of important people this removes their power, afterwards no one takes them seriously so they cannot use the fear they relied on. This is show very clearly in the little illustration, it made the duke look silly and powerless, pulled apart the fear he worked on and drove him down so the people where scared anymore but laughed at him, it did this in a way that only art can, in a way that it doesn't need to be communicated or explained but it just works.

Reading and Understanding a Text

Chosen question :

'Discuss the role that graphic design can play during periods of political and/or social upheaval'

Text : The Design of Dissent (Tony Kushner)

The overall tone of this text is very positive, its a discussion into how graphic design is used during times that people need a voice as the voice, its the silent idea that the whole group believes that has been created to scream their opinons.

Key Points:

Graphic dissent need to be three things to work, shocking, clever and understood by all.

Graphics doesn't change he world, it jus has impacts on people then they cause the change, its causes a reaction in people, it makes them act and stand up.

Its uses to voice the opinions of the repressed, used as a way to show the opinions of many that are seen as a secret until someone makes them a statement.

It doesn't have to be perfectly planned out  or amazing quality, it about the meaning behind the work and the statement it makes rather then the asectics.

When the time demands it theres usually and artist or an expressionist there, times force people to act and create ideas that stand up for them.

Key Quotes:

'Image as a poster, brand new yet long expected, possessing the power of the uncanny'

'Art can't change anything expect people, but art changes people and people can make everything change'

'The time arrives for a silent truth to become a public truth'

'Great deigns successfully sells monstrous lies'

'Each is an argument that stamps itself indelibly in on the soul of the passer-by; accepted or rejected, the argument, the claim'

History of Image Lecture

A 20,000 year non-linear theory of the image

This lecture was a small snapshot journey into image and its history, it was philosophical and theoretical understand to who images has changed over the year and how its been use to influence the audience. It talked about the power of visual communication and different approaches too it through out the ages. For Cavemen to Stalin the way we see images are they effects have been studied to see how it relates to our current work.

It touched on how cavemen drawing aren't just the simple markings to show they days advents but a human spiritual drawing, these mystically drawings may have been a way to contact the gods, humans and animals while showing their power. Art has been a way of expressing feelings, emotions and basic human nature, it the more natural thing to do and we've been doing it as far back as we can see.

This lecture helped me decide that i will picking the study question for my essay relating to politics and graphic designs influences. It brought up the effects on graphic design and the effects of graphic design on the world at different during time phrases. The way Russia and Stalin banned art because it thought the expressive painting wasn't understandable for the everyday man, so to reinforces his view he banned all arts of this type so it wasn't just the high societies that could just appreciate art. He wanted art to be simple and easily readable, this meant more traditional painting so that everyone could see the meaning and understand the images. The country reversed its views on art, from being a leading country in modern art in the 1920 then suddenly banning all new art style and just keeping to simple socialist realism. In americas eyes Russia then became a repressed culturally, all the work was mostly propaganda based. After being informed on all this in the lecture this morning i would like to research it in more detail for my essay.

Propaganda shows how artist can almost change the perception of history by showing fake positive images rather than the truth. Especially in a time before media and tv, posters were created to show and communicate the message they wanted without anyone knowing the truth, they could manipulate the general opinions through art work and posters, this is seen a lot in Chinese posters and imagery. They show red flags to reflect the blood of the dead, the martyrs that died for their cause  while being a bold strong colour to reinforce power . The red flag is used to tell people to stand up for their dead and used to inspire them to stand behind the fighting and hold up their flag.

Socialist Realism, Roses for Stalin

It talked about how Napoleon stated that the illustration artist Gilroy did more damage to his cause than all the armies together, this shows how the little illustrations insulting the campaign made Napoleon so upset and angry that people laugh at him. No one wanted to fight for a man seen as stupid, little and silly, this what the artists made he out to be, he belittle the general until his defeat.

The lecture informed me on when and how different art styles effected the world, it will allow me to see how propaganda was used in different political issues which relates to my question and i will use the information i collected before.

Context of Practice Visual Literacy Lecture

Visual Literacy - The language of Design

Visual literacy is about how we use design and images to communicate, its our job to do this, we solve problems surrounding it using the images and type. We look at the different factors, the words, language, message and meaning to see how they work together. We need to use these to the best of our ability to effectively communicate our ideas concepts to a wide range of audiences. We need to be able to look at image or type and understand the message the artist wants to show behind it, it allows us to get meaning and purpose for them.

VISUAL COMMUNICATION
This is about sending and receiving messages using type and images, its a shared understanding of universal images to get the meaning. This is affected by the audience context, media and method of distribution.

VISUAL LITERACY
Constructing a meaning from visual images and type, it the thinking behind visual communication. This is linking the images to a range of different influences, including cultures present, past and future. Producing images that effectively communicate a message to an audience.

'Visual literacy: is the ability to interpret, negotiate and make meaning from information presented in the form of an image'

Pictures can be read then an understanding can be applied to gain knowledge, its like a global international language. It means that pictures can be used all the time and so that everyone can understand them. Its very useful for signs, instructions ect. For example Toilets

All that is necessary for any language to exit is an agreement amongst a group of people, its just takes everyone to agree the image or a form of the image stands for. Here these images look nothing like people actually going to the toilet but they are a edited for of the national symbols for toilet, these symbols are taught from a young age so that everyone knows they are male and female toilets. We are brought up surrounded but they and associate them with it. These are the basic images we start off associating with the symbols, they are seen all over the world as signs for which toilet is male and female and disabled, this is visual literacy.

We associate them with toilets because this is what we are told and also because when we see them we usually see the word underneath it, over time we start to recognise this without the name and also in different forms. This shows a high level of visual literacy that is gain as we grow up.

Image Analysis Exercise

Context of Practice Task 1
Image Analysis Exercise

Image 1

The Uncle Sam Range (1879)
Adversting Image by Schmacher & Ettlinger New York

Image 2

Empire Marketing Board - East African Transport Old Style and East African Transport No Style
by Adrain Allinson from the Colonial Progress Brings Home Prosperity Series

Both these images are used to portray a message and as propaganda by their governments to help promote an idea they had, although for the same purpose both images are very different and are used in different ways. The first is an older image so therefore is printed in a more traditional way, this meant they had to compromise on colours, styles ect. The colour used in the second a lot more vivid and clear, this is a its a more recent image created in a new style. Being more recent meant it could use more bolder, interesting ways than the first because of the advances in technology over the time . Neither were created digital but still the process was very different, this lead to second image being clear and standing out more.  The first had to be cheap to produce and this is seen clearly from the quality of the image, it was probably used in magazines and other papers as it's image that you notice but understand over time, you have to study it to see all the points its trying to get across in the details.Whereas the second image is a very simple concept created but lots of little detail too but these add up to create a obvious image that is clear from a quick view.  The colours and shades are not as bright as in the first as in the second image which is as the second is a more recent document which will have newer more advance ways producing a poster. As printing technology has improved artist have been able to try and experiment with more unique different styles, like here the first is a very basic image in the old linagraphic style which was probably the most popular if not the only ways of producing work like this whereas the new image is a painted/drawn image that has then been reproduced on a larger scale as this was accessible to the artist. Although both images are from very different places with different aims, they both include issues of sexism and racism, they show this is the details of the piece that then collectively give off this issues. One way the first image shows racism is that there is a black slave serving the group at the table, this reflects the time as well as politics as this is when slaver was still very big in America, but only the rich had slaves so the artists is trying to show the group as rich, they want to portray they are the important so this use of racism would have implied. The slave is also working compared to the white people which are laughing, smiling and having a good time, this is to give off a positive image as they want it to be a happy fun poster rather than a depressing/negative image.The other piece uses racism as a more forward impact, the first part shows unhappy, unsafe african tribe traveling via walking in the wild, this is children in danger and other aspects that combine to give a negative impression, this is then contrasted with the more positive image of the white man in a boat directing the africans, first off all its clear there are no women or child in this image showing they are safe and not having to work. Second the images hows they muscly and happy to work rather than sad, the artist has changed the layout of the picture so that the white man is not only mental above but actually physically above the others this is to express his power over them and his importance. Sexism is used in the first poster as at the women is serving the food, she seems happy but is not allowed to sit with the men as is kept away and working, this shows the values of the times and display how women where seen to work only at this time in history. Also the world is seen as a man by wearing trouser and a suit, this reflects the view 'Its a mans world' at this point in history the world was very bias towards men and talking about the world using a masculine pronoun was normal rather than these days it would be kept gender neutral.  

All different elements from the first poster where added as propaganda to reinforce an image that its trying to show, it shows the 'america dream' Uncle Sam, in a all american suit sitting down with the world to trade. The smiling world shows hows the world is happy with everything and with america, this was to make people think that everything good as there was no media to tell them otherwise.